Journal: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Article Title: Radiofrequency ablation vs. cryoablation for pediatric atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in the era of three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1527768
Figure Lengend Snippet: AVNRT ablation using a 3D EAM system. (A) RF ablation in the low Koch region on an LAO projection using a 3D EAM system, with the red dots indicating the His cloud. (B) A clearer spatial relationship between the ablation catheter and the Koch triangle is shown using a septal projection. Catheter contact can be assessed from local electrograms or the projection point area of the ablation catheter tip (dotted circle). (C) Monitoring of the real-time AV interval (bolded square) monitoring is achieved using the adequate window of the 3D EAM system during ablation. Abl, ablation catheter; AV interval, atrioventricular interval; CS, coronary sinus; CSO, coronary sinus ostium; His, bundle of His; IVC, inferior vena cava; LAO, left anterior oblique; SVC, superior vena cava.
Article Snippet: All patients underwent procedures under the guidance of the 3D EAM system (Ensite NavXTM, Abbott, MN, USA), with or without fluoroscopy use.
Techniques: